Model of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 in NSW, Australia, 2005-2018

Table of Contents

0.1 Details of all candidate predictor variables 1

0.1 Details of all candidate predictor variables

We conducted a targeted literature review to identify potential candidate predictor variables. We then identified datasets from both local collections (e.g. the Australian Government Public Sector Mapping Agency) and international sources (e.g. NASA). The datasets are listed in Table 1. We collected the relevant data in formats that could be combined in a Geographical Information System (GIS) database. All GIS data were extracted for the monitor locations and a grid of points for estimation approximately every 100 metres.

Predictor type	variable_name	Project ID	Dataset ID	Citation
Response variable	no2_annual	Air_Pollution_Monitoring_Stations_National_RESTRICTED	CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. National Air Pollution Monitoring Database, derived from regulatory monitor data from NSW DPIE, Vic EPA, Qld DES, SA EPA, WA DEWR, Tas EPA, NT EPA, and ACT Health. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research [accessed YYYY-MM-DD] DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/JXD98
Response variable	pm25_annual	Air_Pollution_Monitoring_Stations_National_RESTRICTED	CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. National Air Pollution Monitoring Database, derived from regulatory monitor data from NSW DPIE, Vic EPA, Qld DES, SA EPA, WA DEWR, Tas EPA, NT EPA, and ACT Health. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research [accessed YYYY-MM-DD] DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/JXD98
Response variable	pm10_annual	Air_Pollution_Monitoring_Stations_National_RESTRICTED	CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. National Air Pollution Monitoring Database, derived from regulatory monitor data from NSW DPIE, Vic EPA, Qld DES, SA EPA, WA DEWR, Tas EPA, NT EPA, and ACT Health. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research [accessed YYYY-MM-DD] DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/JXD98
Satellite-based air pollution estimates	sat_no2	Satellite_OMI_NO2	Sat_OMI_NO2_LK_2005_2019	Nickolay A. Krotkov, Lok N. Lamsal, Sergey V. Marchenko, Edward A. Celarier, Eric J.Bucsela, William H. Swartz, Joanna Joiner and the OMI core team (2019), OMI/Aura NO2 Cloud-Screened Total and Tropospheric Column L3 Global Gridded 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V3, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), Accessed: mid 2020, 10.5067/Aura/OMI/DATA3007 Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/6237761789
Satellite-based air pollution estimates	sat_pm25	Atmospheric_Composition_Analysis_Group	annual_surface_pm25_concentrations_2005_2018	Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, 2020. Estimated global annual surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations for other regions, 2005-2018. Available from https://sites.wustl.edu/acag/datasets/surface-pm2-5/ [accessed late 2020]. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Researchhttps://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/6237879111
Position and Elevation	pos_elevation	Digital_Elevation_Model_GA	SRTM_1sec_Smooth_DEM_National	Gallant, J., Wilson, N., Dowling, T., Read, A., Inskeep, C. 2011. SRTM-derived 1 Second Digital Elevation Models Version 1.0. Record 1. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/72759
Position and Elevation	longitude	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Position and Elevation	latitude	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Position and Elevation	lon_metres	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Position and Elevation	lat_metres	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Position and Elevation	pos_distocean	Water_bodies_GA	Euclidean_Distance_Coastline_Australia_2011	2011. Euclidean Distance to the Australian Coastline. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/71990. Retrieved from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research. https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/
Monitor properties	monitor_type	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Monitor properties	alt_name	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Monitor properties	no2_field_mon_ref_stn	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Monitor properties	pm25_field_mon_ref_stn	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Monitor properties	pm10_field_mon_ref_stn	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Monitor properties	pm_method	Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA	AP_monitor_locations	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.
Land use	lu_com_{buffer}	ABS_customised_for_APMMA	apmma_abs_mb	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.
Land use	lu_res_{buffer}	ABS_customised_for_APMMA	apmma_abs_mb	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.
Land use	lu_open_{buffer}	ABS_customised_for_APMMA	apmma_abs_mb	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.
Land use	lu_ind_{buffer}	ABS_customised_for_APMMA	apmma_abs_mb	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.
Land use	lu_bldg_hgt_avg_100	Geoscape	Geoscape Residential land	PSMA, 2019-08-12, Geoscape_2019, [Data set] Retrieved from CARDAT
Land use	lu_bldg_foot_area_100	Geoscape	Geoscape Residential land	PSMA, 2019-08-12, Geoscape_2019, [Data set] Retrieved from CARDAT
Land cover	lc_tree_cover_{buffer}	Land_Cover_MODIS	tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018	DiMiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Kim, D., Kelly, M., Townshend, J. (2015). MOD44B MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Accessed 2021-05-10 from https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD44B.006 (Terra Product ID 250m MOD44B v6 march 2017-march 2018). Available through https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod44.php
Land cover	lc_park_{buffer}	ABS_customised_for_APMMA	apmma_abs_mb	Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.
Land cover	lc_water_modis_{buffer}	Land_Cover_MODIS	tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018	DiMiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Kim, D., Kelly, M., Townshend, J. (2015). MOD44B MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Accessed 2021-05-10 from https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD44B.006 (Terra Product ID 250m MOD44B v6 march 2017-march 2018). Available through https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod44.php
Emission sources	em_minrd_invdist	Traffic_Load	Traffic_Load_Australia_2018	Yuen, C, 2020. Traffic load intensity derived from Zenith 2018 traffic counts and PSMA 2019 road networks. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, health and energy Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5288252817
Emission sources	em_majrd_invdist	Traffic_Load	Traffic_Load_Australia_2018	Yuen, C, 2020. Traffic load intensity derived from Zenith 2018 traffic counts and PSMA 2019 road networks. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, health and energy Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5288252817
Emission sources	em_majrd_length_{buffer}	Traffic_Load	Traffic_Load_Australia_2018	Yuen, C, 2020. Traffic load intensity derived from Zenith 2018 traffic counts and PSMA 2019 road networks. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, health and energy Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5288252817
Emission sources	em_wood_heat_pct	Woodfire_heaters	household_woodfire_heaters_Australia_2012	Knibbs, 2021. Household woodfire heater data, derived from ABS survey data on primary household energy source 2012. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5964272622
Emission sources	em_burned_area_pct_{buffer}	Fire_MODIS	NASA_MODIS_burnt_area_2005_2019	Giglio, L., Schroeder, W., Hall, J.V., & Justice, C.O., 2020. Collection 6 MODIS MCD64 Burned Area Product, data derived from NASA MODIS data. Available from https://modis-fire.umd.edu/index.html. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5534195139
Emission sources	em_fire_dens_fireskm2_{buffer}	Fire_MODIS	NASA_MODIS_active_fires_2016_2019	Giglio, L., Schroeder, W., Hall, J.V., & Justice, C.O., 2020. Collection 6 MOD14CMQ and MYD14CMQ monthly active fire climate modeling grid (CMG) data derived from NASA MODIS data 2016-2019. Available from https://modis-fire.umd.edu/index.html. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5534057407
Emission sources	em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}	NPI	NPI_NOX_Australia_2017_2018	Department of Environment and Energy, 2021. National Pollutant Inventory point source air-based emissions for PM2.5 Australia 2010-2011. Available from [accessed 2020]. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5943555217
Emission sources	em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}	NPI	NPI_PM25_Australia_2010_2011	Department of Environment and Energy, 2021. National Pollutant Inventory point source air-based emissions for PM2.5 Australia 2010-2011. Available from [accessed ]. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5914470094
Population	pop_dens_{buffer}	ABS_data	ABS1x1km_Aus_Pop_Grid_2006_2020	Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2006-2020, cat. no. 3218.0 https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0. Retrieved from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5548003039
Weather	wthr_maxtmp_yrly_avg	AWAP_GRIDS	AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Bureau of Rural Sciences, and CSIRO (2021). Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) Temperature Grid Data aggregated to month 1986-2019. Data retrieved from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418224323
Weather	wthr_meantmp_yrly_avg	AWAP_GRIDS	AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Bureau of Rural Sciences, and CSIRO (2021). Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) Temperature Grid Data aggregated to month 1986-2019. Data retrieved from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418224323
Weather	wthr_drt_count_months	DROUGHT-AWAP-GRIDS-RESTRICTED	Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019	Hanigan, I. & Van Buskirk, J. 2021. AWAP SPI and SPEI drought indices and duration at APMMA locations 2005-2019. Data downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418109235
Weather	wthr_drt_max_length	DROUGHT-AWAP-GRIDS-RESTRICTED	Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019	Hanigan, I. & Van Buskirk, J. 2021. AWAP SPI and SPEI drought indices and duration at APMMA locations 2005-2019. Data downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418109235
Weather	wthr_rain_yrly_total	AWAP_GRIDS	AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_rainfall_1900_2020	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Bureau of Rural Sciences, and CSIRO (2021). Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) Rainfall Grid Data aggregated to month 1900-2020. Data retrieved from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418165999
Climate	clim_relhum_annual	Climate_and_weather_BOM	average_3pm_relative_humidity_1976_2005	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2016. Average 9am and 3pm relative humidity Australia 1976-2005. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/relative-humidity/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5545082383
Climate	clim_rain_annual	Climate_and_weather_BOM	annual_mean_rainfall_1981_2010	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2020. Average annual rainfall across Australia.1960-1991. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/rainfall/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5547582787
Climate	clim_avtmp_annual	Climate_and_weather_BOM	annual_mean_daily_average_temperature_1960_1991	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2016. Average annual daily average temperatures across Australia.1960-1991. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/temperature/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5545465475
Climate	clim_wind_annual	Climate_and_weather_BOM	gridded_annual_wind_velocity_2004_2008	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2011. Average annual wind velocity distribution across Australia.2004-2008. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/wind-velocity/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5544702519
Climate	clim_solar_winter	UVR_Solar_BOM	seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2019. Average daily solar ultraviolet (UV) Index for summer (Dec-Feb) and winter (Jun-Aug) averaged over the years 1990-2011. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/solar-exposure/index.jsp [Accessed 2014]. Data downloaded from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research.https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5543083979
Climate	clim_solar_summer	UVR_Solar_BOM	seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2019. Average daily solar ultraviolet (UV) Index for summer (Dec-Feb) and winter (Jun-Aug) averaged over the years 1990-2011. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/solar-exposure/index.jsp [Accessed 2014]. Data downloaded from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research.https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5543083979
Climate	clim_htng_dg_days_annual	Climate_and_weather_BOM	annual_total_heating_degree_days_1961_1990	Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2011. Mean monthly and mean annual heating & cooling degree days data (base climatological data sets) 1961-1990. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/degree-days/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5544600183

Predictor type

variable_name

Project ID

Dataset ID

Citation

Response variable

no2_annual

Air_Pollution_Monitoring_Stations_National_RESTRICTED

CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database

Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. National Air Pollution Monitoring Database, derived from regulatory monitor data from NSW DPIE, Vic EPA, Qld DES, SA EPA, WA DEWR, Tas EPA, NT EPA, and ACT Health. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research [accessed YYYY-MM-DD] DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/JXD98

Response variable

pm25_annual

Air_Pollution_Monitoring_Stations_National_RESTRICTED

CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database

Response variable

pm10_annual

Air_Pollution_Monitoring_Stations_National_RESTRICTED

CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database

Satellite-based air pollution estimates

sat_no2

Satellite_OMI_NO2

Sat_OMI_NO2_LK_2005_2019

Nickolay A. Krotkov, Lok N. Lamsal, Sergey V. Marchenko, Edward A. Celarier, Eric J.Bucsela, William H. Swartz, Joanna Joiner and the OMI core team (2019), OMI/Aura NO2 Cloud-Screened Total and Tropospheric Column L3 Global Gridded 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V3, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), Accessed: mid 2020, 10.5067/Aura/OMI/DATA3007 Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/6237761789

Satellite-based air pollution estimates

sat_pm25

Atmospheric_Composition_Analysis_Group

annual_surface_pm25_concentrations_2005_2018

Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, 2020. Estimated global annual surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations for other regions, 2005-2018. Available from https://sites.wustl.edu/acag/datasets/surface-pm2-5/ [accessed late 2020]. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Researchhttps://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/6237879111

Position and Elevation

pos_elevation

Digital_Elevation_Model_GA

SRTM_1sec_Smooth_DEM_National

Gallant, J., Wilson, N., Dowling, T., Read, A., Inskeep, C. 2011. SRTM-derived 1 Second Digital Elevation Models Version 1.0. Record 1. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/72759

Position and Elevation

longitude

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. State and Territory government regulatory air pollution monitor locations provided by NSW DPIE, ACT Health, SA EPA, Qld DES, Vic EPA (manually checked to correct for minor discrepancies), combined with field monitor locations from Ogawa Patches and Harvard Impactors at various Sydney GMR regions.

Position and Elevation

latitude

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Position and Elevation

lon_metres

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Position and Elevation

lat_metres

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Position and Elevation

pos_distocean

Water_bodies_GA

Euclidean_Distance_Coastline_Australia_2011

2011. Euclidean Distance to the Australian Coastline. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/71990. Retrieved from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research. https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/

Monitor properties

monitor_type

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Monitor properties

alt_name

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Monitor properties

no2_field_mon_ref_stn

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Monitor properties

pm25_field_mon_ref_stn

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Monitor properties

pm10_field_mon_ref_stn

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Monitor properties

pm_method

Air_pollution_modelling_APMMA

AP_monitor_locations

Land use

lu_com_{buffer}

ABS_customised_for_APMMA

apmma_abs_mb

Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.

Land use

lu_res_{buffer}

ABS_customised_for_APMMA

apmma_abs_mb

Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.

Land use

lu_open_{buffer}

ABS_customised_for_APMMA

apmma_abs_mb

Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.

Land use

lu_ind_{buffer}

ABS_customised_for_APMMA

apmma_abs_mb

Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.

Land use

lu_bldg_hgt_avg_100

Geoscape

Geoscape Residential land

PSMA, 2019-08-12, Geoscape_2019, [Data set] Retrieved from CARDAT

Land use

lu_bldg_foot_area_100

Geoscape

Geoscape Residential land

PSMA, 2019-08-12, Geoscape_2019, [Data set] Retrieved from CARDAT

Land cover

lc_tree_cover_{buffer}

Land_Cover_MODIS

tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018

DiMiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Kim, D., Kelly, M., Townshend, J. (2015). MOD44B MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Accessed 2021-05-10 from https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD44B.006 (Terra Product ID 250m MOD44B v6 march 2017-march 2018). Available through https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod44.php

Land cover

lc_park_{buffer}

ABS_customised_for_APMMA

apmma_abs_mb

Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, 2021. ABS Meshblock data re-coded by for the APMMA GIS air pollution modelling project. Restricted.

Land cover

lc_water_modis_{buffer}

Land_Cover_MODIS

tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018

Emission sources

em_minrd_invdist

Traffic_Load

Traffic_Load_Australia_2018

Yuen, C, 2020. Traffic load intensity derived from Zenith 2018 traffic counts and PSMA 2019 road networks. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, health and energy Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5288252817

Emission sources

em_majrd_invdist

Traffic_Load

Traffic_Load_Australia_2018

Emission sources

em_majrd_length_{buffer}

Traffic_Load

Traffic_Load_Australia_2018

Emission sources

em_wood_heat_pct

Woodfire_heaters

household_woodfire_heaters_Australia_2012

Knibbs, 2021. Household woodfire heater data, derived from ABS survey data on primary household energy source 2012. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5964272622

Emission sources

em_burned_area_pct_{buffer}

Fire_MODIS

NASA_MODIS_burnt_area_2005_2019

Giglio, L., Schroeder, W., Hall, J.V., & Justice, C.O., 2020. Collection 6 MODIS MCD64 Burned Area Product, data derived from NASA MODIS data. Available from https://modis-fire.umd.edu/index.html. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5534195139

Emission sources

em_fire_dens_fireskm2_{buffer}

Fire_MODIS

NASA_MODIS_active_fires_2016_2019

Giglio, L., Schroeder, W., Hall, J.V., & Justice, C.O., 2020. Collection 6 MOD14CMQ and MYD14CMQ monthly active fire climate modeling grid (CMG) data derived from NASA MODIS data 2016-2019. Available from https://modis-fire.umd.edu/index.html. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5534057407

Emission sources

em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}

NPI

NPI_NOX_Australia_2017_2018

Department of Environment and Energy, 2021. National Pollutant Inventory point source air-based emissions for PM2.5 Australia 2010-2011. Available from [accessed 2020]. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5943555217

Emission sources

em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}

NPI

NPI_PM25_Australia_2010_2011

Department of Environment and Energy, 2021. National Pollutant Inventory point source air-based emissions for PM2.5 Australia 2010-2011. Available from [accessed ]. Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5914470094

Population

pop_dens_{buffer}

ABS_data

ABS1x1km_Aus_Pop_Grid_2006_2020

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2006-2020, cat. no. 3218.0 https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0. Retrieved from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5548003039

Weather

wthr_maxtmp_yrly_avg

AWAP_GRIDS

AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Bureau of Rural Sciences, and CSIRO (2021). Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) Temperature Grid Data aggregated to month 1986-2019. Data retrieved from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418224323

Weather

wthr_meantmp_yrly_avg

AWAP_GRIDS

AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019

Weather

wthr_drt_count_months

DROUGHT-AWAP-GRIDS-RESTRICTED

Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019

Hanigan, I. & Van Buskirk, J. 2021. AWAP SPI and SPEI drought indices and duration at APMMA locations 2005-2019. Data downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418109235

Weather

wthr_drt_max_length

DROUGHT-AWAP-GRIDS-RESTRICTED

Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019

Weather

wthr_rain_yrly_total

AWAP_GRIDS

AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_rainfall_1900_2020

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Bureau of Rural Sciences, and CSIRO (2021). Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) Rainfall Grid Data aggregated to month 1900-2020. Data retrieved from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5418165999

Climate

clim_relhum_annual

Climate_and_weather_BOM

average_3pm_relative_humidity_1976_2005

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2016. Average 9am and 3pm relative humidity Australia 1976-2005. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/relative-humidity/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5545082383

Climate

clim_rain_annual

Climate_and_weather_BOM

annual_mean_rainfall_1981_2010

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2020. Average annual rainfall across Australia.1960-1991. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/rainfall/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5547582787

Climate

clim_avtmp_annual

Climate_and_weather_BOM

annual_mean_daily_average_temperature_1960_1991

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2016. Average annual daily average temperatures across Australia.1960-1991. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/temperature/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5545465475

Climate

clim_wind_annual

Climate_and_weather_BOM

gridded_annual_wind_velocity_2004_2008

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2011. Average annual wind velocity distribution across Australia.2004-2008. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/wind-velocity/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5544702519

Climate

clim_solar_winter

UVR_Solar_BOM

seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2019. Average daily solar ultraviolet (UV) Index for summer (Dec-Feb) and winter (Jun-Aug) averaged over the years 1990-2011. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/solar-exposure/index.jsp [Accessed 2014]. Data downloaded from Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research.https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5543083979

Climate

clim_solar_summer

UVR_Solar_BOM

seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011

Climate

clim_htng_dg_days_annual

Climate_and_weather_BOM

annual_total_heating_degree_days_1961_1990

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2011. Mean monthly and mean annual heating & cooling degree days data (base climatological data sets) 1961-1990. Available from http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/degree-days/index.jsp [accessed 2020] Downloaded from the Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5544600183

0.2 GIS variable definitions

Predictor type	Project ID	variable_name	Unit	Buffers	Variable_definition
Response variable	CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database	no2_annual	NA	NA	NA
Response variable	CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database	pm25_annual	NA	NA	NA
Response variable	CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database	pm10_annual	NA	NA	NA
Satellite-based air pollution estimates	Sat_OMI_NO2_LK_2005_2019	sat_no2	molecules x 10^15 / cm^2		Annual Column (COL) NO2 satellite data, resolution of 13 x 24 km (nadir). This variable is the same for each month in the year. More information available here https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5006639820
Satellite-based air pollution estimates	annual_surface_pm25_concentrations_2005_2018	sat_pm25	NA	NA	NA
Position and Elevation	SRTM_1sec_Smooth_DEM_National	pos_elevation	m		Elevation from Digital Elevation Model SRTM-derived
Position and Elevation	AP_monitor_locations	longitude	NA	NA	NA
Position and Elevation	AP_monitor_locations	latitude	NA	NA	NA
Position and Elevation	AP_monitor_locations	lon_metres	m		Hand geocoded government monitoring stations with O3/PM25/NO2/PM10 data. Albers EPSG 3577.
Position and Elevation	AP_monitor_locations	lat_metres	m		Hand geocoded government monitoring stations with O3/PM25/NO2/PM10 data. Albers EPSG 3577.
Position and Elevation	Euclidean_Distance_Coastline_Australia_2011	pos_distocean	km		Distance to open ocean in Km
Monitor properties	AP_monitor_locations	monitor_type	NA	NA	NA
Monitor properties	AP_monitor_locations	alt_name	NA	NA	NA
Monitor properties	AP_monitor_locations	no2_field_mon_ref_stn	NA	NA	NA
Monitor properties	AP_monitor_locations	pm25_field_mon_ref_stn	NA	NA	NA
Monitor properties	AP_monitor_locations	pm10_field_mon_ref_stn	NA	NA	NA
Monitor properties	AP_monitor_locations	pm_method	NA	NA	NA
Land use	apmma_abs_mb	lu_com_{buffer}	%	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Commercial or Education or Medical/Hospital
Land use	apmma_abs_mb	lu_res_{buffer}	%	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Residential
Land use	apmma_abs_mb	lu_open_{buffer}	%	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Water, Primary Production or Other
Land use	apmma_abs_mb	lu_ind_{buffer}	%	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was industrial.
Land use	Geoscape Residential land	lu_bldg_hgt_avg_100	m	100m	Using all buildings in the buffer calculate the mean height in metres. Buildings with a NULL height were assigned the value 0.5m.
Land use	Geoscape Residential land	lu_bldg_foot_area_100	m^2	100m	The total footprint of all buildings that touch the buffer.
Land cover	tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018	lc_tree_cover_{buffer}	%	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	Average % of tree cover coverage of raster values in buffer
Land cover	apmma_abs_mb	lc_park_{buffer}	%	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Parkland
Land cover	tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018	lc_water_modis_{buffer}	%	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	% coverage in buffer where MODIS data shows water
Emission sources	Traffic_Load_Australia_2018	em_minrd_invdist	m^-1		Inverse distance to minor road
Emission sources	Traffic_Load_Australia_2018	em_majrd_invdist	m^-1		Inverse distance to major road
Emission sources	Traffic_Load_Australia_2018	em_majrd_length_{buffer}	km	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	Road length in buffer (major road), with dual carriageways counting double length.
Emission sources	household_woodfire_heaters_Australia_2012	em_wood_heat_pct	NA	NA	NA
Emission sources	NASA_MODIS_burnt_area_2005_2019	em_burned_area_pct_{buffer}	NA	NA	NA
Emission sources	NASA_MODIS_active_fires_2016_2019	em_fire_dens_fireskm2_{buffer}	NA	NA	NA
Emission sources	NPI_NOX_Australia_2017_2018	em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}	kg/km^2	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	Total emission mass (kg) per square km
Emission sources	NPI_PM25_Australia_2010_2011	em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}	kg/km^2	50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	Total emission mass (kg) per square km
Population	ABS1x1km_Aus_Pop_Grid_2006_2020	pop_dens_{buffer}	persons/km^2	700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m	Population density (per square km) in buffer using ABS’s estimated 1x1km population grids.
Weather	AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019	wthr_maxtmp_yrly_avg	NA	NA	NA
Weather	AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019	wthr_meantmp_yrly_avg	NA	NA	NA
Weather	Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019	wthr_drt_count_months	NA	NA	NA
Weather	Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019	wthr_drt_max_length	NA	NA	NA
Weather	AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_rainfall_1900_2020	wthr_rain_yrly_total	NA	NA	NA
Climate	average_3pm_relative_humidity_1976_2005	clim_relhum_annual	NA	NA	NA
Climate	annual_mean_rainfall_1981_2010	clim_rain_annual	mm		Annual mean rainfall (mm), 1960-1991
Climate	annual_mean_daily_average_temperature_1960_1991	clim_avtmp_annual	�C		Annual mean daily average temperature (C), 1960-1991. Daily averages taken from the mean of the min and max daily temps, and averaged over the year.
Climate	gridded_annual_wind_velocity_2004_2008	clim_wind_annual	km/h		Annualised, the average of the 12 months.
Climate	seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011	clim_solar_winter	MJ/m^2		Seasonal (winter) mean daily solar exposure (MJ/m2)
Climate	seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011	clim_solar_summer	MJ/m^2		Seasonal (summer) mean daily solar exposure (MJ/m2)
Climate	annual_total_heating_degree_days_1961_1990	clim_htng_dg_days_annual	NA	NA	NA

Predictor type

Project ID

variable_name

Unit

Buffers

Variable_definition

Response variable

CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database

no2_annual

Response variable

CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database

pm25_annual

Response variable

CARs_National_Air_Pollution_Database

pm10_annual

Satellite-based air pollution estimates

Sat_OMI_NO2_LK_2005_2019

sat_no2

molecules x 10^15 / cm^2

Annual Column (COL) NO2 satellite data, resolution of 13 x 24 km (nadir). This variable is the same for each month in the year. More information available here https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/f/5006639820

Satellite-based air pollution estimates

annual_surface_pm25_concentrations_2005_2018

sat_pm25

Position and Elevation

SRTM_1sec_Smooth_DEM_National

pos_elevation

Elevation from Digital Elevation Model SRTM-derived

Position and Elevation

AP_monitor_locations

longitude

Position and Elevation

AP_monitor_locations

latitude

Position and Elevation

AP_monitor_locations

lon_metres

Hand geocoded government monitoring stations with O3/PM25/NO2/PM10 data. Albers EPSG 3577.

Position and Elevation

AP_monitor_locations

lat_metres

Hand geocoded government monitoring stations with O3/PM25/NO2/PM10 data. Albers EPSG 3577.

Position and Elevation

Euclidean_Distance_Coastline_Australia_2011

pos_distocean

Distance to open ocean in Km

Monitor properties

AP_monitor_locations

monitor_type

Monitor properties

AP_monitor_locations

alt_name

Monitor properties

AP_monitor_locations

no2_field_mon_ref_stn

Monitor properties

AP_monitor_locations

pm25_field_mon_ref_stn

Monitor properties

AP_monitor_locations

pm10_field_mon_ref_stn

Monitor properties

AP_monitor_locations

pm_method

Land use

apmma_abs_mb

lu_com_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Commercial or Education or Medical/Hospital

Land use

apmma_abs_mb

lu_res_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Residential

Land use

apmma_abs_mb

lu_open_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Water, Primary Production or Other

Land use

apmma_abs_mb

lu_ind_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was industrial.

Land use

Geoscape Residential land

lu_bldg_hgt_avg_100

100m

Using all buildings in the buffer calculate the mean height in metres. Buildings with a NULL height were assigned the value 0.5m.

Land use

Geoscape Residential land

lu_bldg_foot_area_100

m^2

100m

The total footprint of all buildings that touch the buffer.

Land cover

tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018

lc_tree_cover_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

Average % of tree cover coverage of raster values in buffer

Land cover

apmma_abs_mb

lc_park_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

% coverage in buffer where ABS 2016 MB category was Parkland

Land cover

tree_and_water_coverage_2017_2018

lc_water_modis_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

% coverage in buffer where MODIS data shows water

Emission sources

Traffic_Load_Australia_2018

em_minrd_invdist

m^-1

Inverse distance to minor road

Emission sources

Traffic_Load_Australia_2018

em_majrd_invdist

m^-1

Inverse distance to major road

Emission sources

Traffic_Load_Australia_2018

em_majrd_length_{buffer}

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

Road length in buffer (major road), with dual carriageways counting double length.

Emission sources

household_woodfire_heaters_Australia_2012

em_wood_heat_pct

Emission sources

NASA_MODIS_burnt_area_2005_2019

em_burned_area_pct_{buffer}

Emission sources

NASA_MODIS_active_fires_2016_2019

em_fire_dens_fireskm2_{buffer}

Emission sources

NPI_NOX_Australia_2017_2018

em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}

kg/km^2

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

Total emission mass (kg) per square km

Emission sources

NPI_PM25_Australia_2010_2011

em_npi_{pollutant}dens_kgkm2{buffer}

kg/km^2

50m, 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

Total emission mass (kg) per square km

Population

ABS1x1km_Aus_Pop_Grid_2006_2020

pop_dens_{buffer}

persons/km^2

700m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

Population density (per square km) in buffer using ABS’s estimated 1x1km population grids.

Weather

AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019

wthr_maxtmp_yrly_avg

Weather

AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_temperature_1986_2019

wthr_meantmp_yrly_avg

Weather

Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019

wthr_drt_count_months

Weather

Drought_and_APMMA_locations_2005_2019

wthr_drt_max_length

Weather

AWAP_GRIDS_monthly_rainfall_1900_2020

wthr_rain_yrly_total

Climate

average_3pm_relative_humidity_1976_2005

clim_relhum_annual

Climate

annual_mean_rainfall_1981_2010

clim_rain_annual

Annual mean rainfall (mm), 1960-1991

Climate

annual_mean_daily_average_temperature_1960_1991

clim_avtmp_annual

�C

Annual mean daily average temperature (C), 1960-1991. Daily averages taken from the mean of the min and max daily temps, and averaged over the year.

Climate

gridded_annual_wind_velocity_2004_2008

clim_wind_annual

km/h

Annualised, the average of the 12 months.

Climate

seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011

clim_solar_winter

MJ/m^2

Seasonal (winter) mean daily solar exposure (MJ/m2)

Climate

seasonal_daily_avg_solar_uv_aust_1990_2011

clim_solar_summer

MJ/m^2

Seasonal (summer) mean daily solar exposure (MJ/m2)

Climate

annual_total_heating_degree_days_1961_1990

clim_htng_dg_days_annual